Infectious Diseases and how to Prevent them - Standard 5 - Environmental Studies - Part 1 - Balbharati

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 Infectious Diseases and how to Prevent them 

Exercise

Q. 1 What’s the solution?

You are very hungry, but the food has been left uncovered.

Ans. The solution is to cover the food to prevent dirt or unwanted things from getting in and to keep it safe to eat. This helps avoid contact with air, insects, or anything that might affect the food's quality and safety.

Q. 2 Use your brain power!

Which method of preventing the breeding of mosquitoes will you recommend for your surroundings - not allowing water to stagnate or spraying insecticides on the water? Why?

Ans. I would recommend not letting water stand still. Mosquitoes lay eggs in stagnant water, and preventing it removes their breeding grounds. This method is more environmentally friendly and doesn't involve using possibly harmful insecticides. Removing standing water is an eco-friendly approach to mosquito control.

Q. 3 Answer the following questions.

(a) What is an infectious disease?

Ans. Diseases caused by micro-organisms are called infectious diseases.

(b) What are the mediums of the spread of diseases?

Ans. Infectious diseases spread through water, food or air, by direct contact or through insect bites.

(c) What happens when there is an epidemic of a disease?

Ans. When there is an epidemic of a disease, many people in one area get the same infectious illness simultaneously.

(d) What is vaccination?

Ans. A way to prevent disease is vaccination. Our body develops resistance to a particular disease due to vaccination.

(e) Make a list of the vaccinations that are given to a newborn baby.

Ans. 1. BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin)

2. Hepatitis B

3. OPV (Oral Polio Vaccine)

4. IPV (Inactivated Polio Vaccine)

5. DTP (Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis)

6. Hib (Haemophilus influenzae type b)

7. Rotavirus Vaccine

8. Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV)

9. RVV (Rabies Vaccine)

10. MR (Measles and Rubella)

Q. 4 True or false ?

(a) Intestinal diseases spread through air.

Ans. False.

b) Some diseases are caused by the anger of the gods.

Ans. False.

Q. 5 Classify the diseases given below as diseases that spread through food, through water and through air.

Malaria, typhoid, cholera, tuberculosis, jaundice, gastro, diarrhoea, diphtheria.

Diseases that spread through food gastro, diarrhoea
Diseases that spread through water Cholera, Typhoid, Jaundice
Diseases that spread through air Tuberculosis, Diphtheria

*Note: Malaria is spread through mosquitoes.

Q. 6 Give reasons.

(a) When there is an epidemic of cholera, we should drink boiled water.

Ans. Because cholera spreads through contaminated water. Boiling water kills the cholera bacteria makes the water safe to consume and reduces the risk of contracting the disease. It promotes public health and prevents the further spread of the epidemic.

(b) We should not allow puddles of water to stand in our surroundings.

Ans. Because stagnant water helps mosquitoes to breed. Mosquitoes can transmit diseases like malaria and dengue. Removing stagnant water helps prevent mosquito breeding and reduces the risk of diseases.

***

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