Disaster Management - Standard 6 - General Science - Balbharati

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Disaster Management

Exercise

Q. 1 What are the emergency contact numbers of the following?

(a) Police Control Room - 100

(b) Fire brigade - 101

(c) Ambulance - 102

(d) National level single emergency number for disaster relief - 108


Q. 2 What first aid will you provide in the following situations?

(a) Dog bite

I will wash the wound with a solution of potassium permanganate or other antiseptic. I will Cover the wound with a clean and dry cloth.

(b) Scratches/ bleeding

Ans. If a person is bleeding, first I will make him sit or lie down comfortably. I will keep the bleeding part of the body above the level of the heart and clean it with water.

(c) Burns/scalds

Ans. For minor burns

    1. I will wash the injured part with water or hold it under water.
      2. I will give the victim water to drink if they are conscious and able to swallow safely.
        3. I will clean the wounds using a cotton swab soaked in an antiseptic solution.
          4. I will cover the wounds using dry dressings.
            For serious burns

            1. I will give emotional support to the injured person.

            2. I will cover the wounds with a sterilized cloth.

            3. I will remove any jewelry, shoes, etc. if it can be easily done.

            4. I will not touch or burst any blisters on the skin.

            (d) Snakebite

            Ans. 1. I will wash the wound with water.

            2. I will give emotional support to the patient.

            3. I will tie a cloth tightly above the wound.

            4. I will get immediate medical help.


            (e) Sunstroke

            Ans. 1. I will take the patient to a cool place or into the shade.

            2. I will sponge the whole body with cold water.

            3. I will place a cloth soaked in cold water on the neck.

            4. I will give plenty of water or liquids like sherbets to drink.

            5. If the patient feels like vomiting, I will make them lie prone, i.e., on their abdomen with the head turned to one side.

            6. I will get medical help or shift the patient to a hospital.

            Q. 3 Write the causes of the following :

            (a) Floods

            Ans. Floods happen when there's too much rain in one place. This makes rivers overflow and flood the nearby areas. In big cities, the problem gets worse because their drainage systems can't handle heavy rainfall. The gutters and drains get blocked, so water spills onto the streets and even enters homes. This causes a lot of damage and trouble for people living there.

            (b) Forest fires

            Ans. Forest fires can happen because of lightning, dry weather, volcanoes, sparks from machines, changes in the climate or sometimes due to people.

            (c) Land slides/building collapse

            Ans. Landslides happen when the ground slides down, often due to heavy rain. Building collapses occur because of weak construction, earthquakes, or steep hills.

            (d) Storms

            Ans. The formation of high and low air pressure belts in the atmosphere causes changes in weather resulting in strong winds or storms.

            (e) Earthquakes

            Ans. Movements in the interior of the earth release tremendous amounts of energy. This causes seismic waves leading to movements of the earth’s surface like tremors, shaking, cracking up, etc. Besides other causes, man-made causes like mining and construction of big dams can also lead to earthquakes.

            Q. 4 Answer the following questions.

            (a) What is meant by ‘disasters’?

            Ans. A sudden event that causes large scale damage to life, property and social aspects of a nation or society is called a distaster.

            (b) What are the types of disasters?

            Ans. Disasters are of two main types - man-made and natural.

            (c) What is meant by ‘disaster management’?

            Ans. Taking steps to prevent disasters, making plans to face disasters and developing the capacity for that, is called disaster management.

            (d) Which are the main components of disaster management?

            Ans. Planning and executing these plans in case of disasters are the main components of disaster management.

            Q. 5 Find out about the work of a ‘Sarpa-mitra’.

            Ans. A "Sarpa-mitra" is someone who helps protect and conserve snakes. They rescue snakes from homes and public places, educate people about snakes, and work to prevent snakebites. They also promote snake habitat conservation and research snake behaviour. Their goal is to ensure that people and snakes can live together safely.

            Q. 6 Find out what a first aid kit/box contains.
            Ans.             1. Band-Aids

            2. Gauze and tape

            3. Cleaning stuff (wipes or liquid)

            4. Scissors

            5. Tweezers

            6. Gloves

            7. Cotton balls or swabs

            8. Pain killers

            9. Thermometer

            10. Stretchy bandage

            11. Cold pack

            12. Burn cream or gel

            13. Safety pins

            14. Eye wash

            Q. 7 Suggest remedial measures for dealing with natural or man-made disasters.

            Ans. 1. Keep watching TV and radio news and bulletins.

            2. Use battery-operated radios and mobiles.

            3. Heed the warnings issued by the Meteorological Department carefully.

            4. Use the website www.imd.gov.in

            5. Landslides occur in hilly areas due to a cloudburst or heavy rains. On such occasions, do not take shelter at the foot of a hill.

            6. During floods, do not linger in houses or areas on river banks. Seek shelter in other safe places. Move to safer places at a greater height. Do not step into the water currents or drive a vehicle into them.

            7. During an earthquake, roads split open, the ground cracks, railway tracks get uprooted. Hence, when moving from one place to another, ensure that the road is safe further on.

            8. Take shelter in relief camps as they provide medicines, food packets, drinking water, first aid, etc.

            9. To get protection from fire, use fire extinguishers in public places like schools, hospitals, railway stations, etc.


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