Living World and Classification of Microbes - Standard 8 - General Science - Balbharati

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 Living World and Classification of Microbes

Exercise

Q.1 Use Whittaker method to classify bacteria, protozoa, fungi, algae, prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbes.

Ans. 1) Bacteria - Kingdom Monera

2) Protozoa - Kingdom Protista

3) Fungi - Kingdom - Fungi

4) Algae - If unicellular Kingdom Protista. If multicelular Kingdom Plantae.

5) Prokaryotic - Kingdom Monera

6) Eukaryotic - Any kingdom other than Monera.


Q.2 Complete the five kingdom method of classification using- living organism, prokaryotes, eukaryotes, multicellular, unicellular, protista, animals, plants, fungi.

Ans.



Q.3 Find out my partner.

Column 'A'Answers
FungiCandida
ProtozoaAmoeba
VirusBactriophage
AlgaeChlorella
BacteriaProkaryotic

Q.4 State whether the following statements are true or false. Explain your statement.

a. Lactobacilli are harmful bacteria.

Ans. False. Because, Lactobacilli help in digestion by breaking down carbohydrates and producing lactic acid, creating an acidic environment that inhibits the growth of harmful pathogens. Additionally, lactobacilli are known to support a healthy immune system and may help prevent or alleviate certain digestive disorders. Overall, their presence can contribute to a balanced and thriving microbial community in the gut.

b. Cell wall of fungi is made up of chitin.

Ans. The cell wall of fungi is composed of chitin, a structural polysaccharide. Chitin provides strength and rigidity to the fungal cell wall, similar to how cellulose does in plant cell walls. This unique composition distinguishes fungal cell walls from those of other organisms, such as bacteria and plants.

c. Organ of locomotion in amoeba is pseudopodia.

Ans. The statement means that amoebas, single-celled organisms, move using extensions of their cytoplasm called pseudopodia. Pseudopodia are temporary, finger-like projections that allow amoebas to change their shape and propel themselves forward by extending and contracting these extensions. This mechanism enables amoebas to move and explore their surroundings.

d. Tomato wilt is a viral disease.

Ans. The statement "Tomato wilt is a viral disease" means that tomato plants can be affected by a viral infection that leads to wilt symptoms. This disease is caused by a specific type of virus that attacks the tomato plants, interfering with their ability to transport water and nutrients, ultimately resulting in wilting and decline of the plants.

Q.5 Give answers.

a. State the merits of Whittaker’s method of classification.

Ans. 1) Systematic and organized: Whittaker's method provides a structured approach to categorize living organisms based on their characteristics and relationships. This systematic classification helps in understanding and studying the vast diversity of life forms.


2) Comparison and identification: The method allows for easy comparison and identification of similarities and differences between different groups of organisms. It helps scientists and researchers recognize patterns, evolutionary relationships, and shared traits among organisms.

3) Understanding diversity and distribution: Whittaker's method helps in understanding the diversity and distribution of life on Earth. By organizing organisms into distinct groups, it becomes easier to study ecosystems, analyze species interactions, and explore evolutionary processes.

b. Write the characteristics of viruses.

Ans. Generally, viruses are not considered as living organisms or they are said to be “Organisms at the edge of living and nonliving.” They are studied under microbiology.

1. Viruses are extremely minute i.e. they are 10 to 100 times smaller than bacteria and can be seen only with electron microscope.

2. They are found in the form of independent particles . Virus is a long molecule of DNA (Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid) or RNA (Ribo Nucleic Acid) covered by a protein coat.

3. Viruses survive only in living plant or animal cells and produce their own proteins with help of host cell and create their numerous replica. Then they destroy the host cell and become free. These free viruses again infect new cells.

4. Viruses cause many diseases to plants and animals.

c. Explain the nutrition in fungi.

Ans. 1) Fungi are non-green, eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms.

2) Most of them are saprotrophs. They feed upon decaying organic matter.

d. Which living organisms are included in the kingdom monera ?

Ans. All type of bacteria and blue green algae are included in the kingdom Monera.

Q.6 Who am I ?

a. I don’t have true nucleus, cell organelles or plasma membrane.

Ans. Monera.

b. I have nucleus and membrane bound cell organelles.

Ans. Protozoa.

c. I live on decaying organic matter.

Ans. Fungi.

d. I reproduce mainly by cell division.

Ans. Protozoa.

e. I can produce my replica.

Ans. Viruses.

f. I am green, but don’t have organs.

Ans. Algae.

Q.7 Draw neat and labelled diagrams.

a. Different types of bacteria.




b. Paramoecium.


c. Bacteriophage.


Q.8 Arrange the following in ascending order of size Bacteria, Fungi, Viruses, Algae.

Ans. Viruses, Bacteria, Fungi, Algae.

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